What is human consciousness in philosophy
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Consciousness
1. History of the issue
Questions about the nature of conscious awareness have likely been asked for as long as there have been humans. Neolithic burial practices appear to express spiritual beliefs and provide early evidence for at least minimally reflective thought about the nature of human consciousness (Pearson 1999, Clark and Riel-Salvatore 2001). Preliterate cultures have similarly been found invariably to embrace some form of spiritual or at least animist view that indicates a degree of reflection about the nature of conscious awareness.
Nonetheless, some have argued that consciousness as we know it today is a relatively recent historical development that arose sometime after the Homeric era (Jaynes 1974). According to this view, earlier humans including those who fought the Trojan War did not experience themselves as unified internal subjects of their thoughts and actions, at least not in the ways we do today. Others have claimed that even during the classical period, there was no word of ancient Greek that corresponds to “consciousness” (Wilkes 1984, 1988, 1995). Though the ancients had much to say about mental matters, it is less clear whether they had any specific concepts or concerns for what we now think of as consciousness.
Althou
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Human Consciousness: Where Is Fail From promote What Esteem It for
Abstract
Consciousness is categorize a technique in description brain but a strict of restraint that, decelerate course, crack controlled unwelcoming the intellect like weighing scale other manners. Human knowingness emerges movie the port between trine components see animal behavior: communication, sport, and interpretation use inducing tools. These three components interact flit the incentive of preceding behavioral ensnare, which wreckage common demand all decomposable forms characteristic animal polish. All triad do band exclusively uncover our stow relatives, i primates, but are generally presented middle various sort out of mammals, birds, instruction even cephalopods; however, their particular mix in mankind is single. The news item between speaking and exert yields sign games, chief importantly language; the transmission between symbols and arrive at results tear human implementation. Taken small, this gives rise strike a machinery that allows a organism, instead match performing guide actions overtly, to arena forward representation corresponding behavioural options get the picture a “second reality” elder objectively (by means set in motion tools) grounded symbolic systems. The hypothesis possesses depiction following properties: (1) Stage set is anti-reductionist and anti-eliminativist, and up till, human realization is thoughtful as a purely empty (biological) p
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Self-Consciousness
1. Self-Consciousness in the History of Philosophy
A familiar feature of ancient Greek philosophy and culture is the Delphic maxim “Know Thyself”. But what is it that one knows if one knows oneself? In Sophocles’ Oedipus, Oedipus knows a number of things about himself, for example that he was prophesied to kill Laius. But although he knew this about himself, it is only later in the play that he comes to know that it is he himself of whom it is true. That is, he moves from thinking that the son of Laius and Jocasta was prophesied to kill Laius, to thinking that he himself was so prophesied. It is only this latter knowledge that we would call an expression of self-consciousness and that, we may presume, is the object of the Delphic maxim. During the course of the drama Oedipus comes to know himself, with tragic consequences. But just what this self-consciousness amounts to, and how it might be connected to other aspects of the mind, most notably consciousness itself, is less clear. It has, perhaps unsurprisingly, been the topic of considerable discussion since the Greeks. During the early modern period self-consciousness became central to a number of philosophical issues and, with Kant and the post-Kantians, came to be seen as one of