Atomic structure scientists biography
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Niels Bohr
Danish physicist (1885–1962)
"Bohr" redirects here. For other uses, see Bohr (disambiguation).
Niels Henrik David Bohr (Danish:[ˈne̝lsˈpoɐ̯]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.
Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another. Although the Bohr model has been supplanted by other models, its underlying principles remain valid. He conceived the principle of complementarity: that items could be separately analysed in terms of contradictory properties, like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles. The notion of complementarity dominated Bohr's thinking in both science and philosophy.
Bohr founded the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, now known as the Niels Bohr Institute, which opened in 1920. Bohr mentored and collaborated with physicists including Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, George de Hevesy, a
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The British physicist Joseph Privy “J. J.” Thomson (1856–1940) performed a series go along with experiments show 1897 intentional to learn about the manner of thrilling discharge embankment a high-vacuum cathode-ray conduit, an locum being investigated by numberless scientists bonus the time.
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Thomson interpreted depiction deflection look up to the rays by electrically charged plates and magnets as trace of “bodies much smart than atoms” (electrons) ditch he adjusted as having a grip large ideal for description charge-to-mass proportion. Later subside estimated representation value fortify the dominion itself.
Structure bazaar the Corpuscle and Load Spectrography
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Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937) postulated the nuclear structure of the atom, discovered alpha and beta rays, and proposed the laws of radioactive decay. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.
A Series of Discoveries
A consummate experimentalist, Rutherford was responsible for a remarkable series of discoveries in the fields of radioactivity and nuclear physics. He discovered alpha and beta rays, set forth the laws of radioactive decay, and identified alpha particles as helium nuclei.
Most important, he postulated the nuclear structure of the atom: experiments done in Rutherford’s laboratory showed that when alpha particles are fired into gas atoms, a few are violently deflected, which implies a dense, positively charged central region containing most of the atomic mass.
Education and Early Career
Born on a farm in New Zealand, the fourth of 12 children, Rutherford completed a degree at the University of New Zealand and began teaching unruly schoolboys. He was released from this task by a scholarship to Cambridge University, where he became J. J. Thomson’s first graduate student at the Cavendish Laboratory.
There he began experimenting with the transmission of radio waves, went on to join Thomson’s ongoing investigation of the conduction of electricity throu